This paper analyzes the main regulatory documents regarding doctor-patient relationship, by using a new approach, centered on the patients’ obligations. The range of these correlative obligations is vast, including the ethical rules observable by health care providers, social-type obligations that must be assumed by the state, but also obligations to be observed by the patients themselves. Although current legislation lays emphasis on patients’ rights and the ways in which they should be protected, a careful reading shows that some patients’ obligations are legally established and these obligations are to be observed by the patients in order to be able to benefit from their rights.