Population’s health status assessment is quite difficult, especially due to its multi-determinism. One of the indicators of health status assessment is avoidable death caused by diseases that are “preventable” (primary prevention) and “treatable” (secondary prevention) as specific indicators of the efficiency/inefficiency of health systems. European studies on avoidable mortality show that Romania ranks first in the European Union, regarding both genders. In order to highlight the dynamics of avoidable deaths in Romania, we analysed in this study all deaths which fall within this concept, recorded during 2006-2013. To establish the criteria for inclusion in the study, the list of Leveque et al. was used. Both categories of avoidable deaths, amenable to health care, respectively to health policies have recorded a downward trend, but with a greater reduction in percentage for those determined by conditions responding to healthcare. The study of the dynamics of avoidable deaths allows making comparisons nationally and internationally with a view to identify areas with a high incidence of this phenomenon, as well as the disparities between those areas, the ultimate goal being to identify root causes and to remove/mitigate them. Optimizing the health system in Romania would positively contribute to improve these figures and to a better ranking among EU countries.