According to the publications in this field, musculoskeletal disorders are widely spread among dentists and may cause in time severe injuries that can lead to work interruption due to medical causes. They may affect various structures such as: muscles, ligaments, tendons, nerves, joints and intervertebral disks, leading to back pain or thoracic pains, herniated disk, pain in the cervical spine, limitations in neck rotation movements, pain and decreased mobility at the level of scapular-humeral joint, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis etc. The present paper reviews studies concerning musculoskeletal disorders in the dental practice, because a better understanding of the professional risks in this field, the injury mechanisms and the prevention methods may lead to a better health condition of dental practitioners.