INSIGHTS OF PEAK BONE MASS
Abstract:
Peak Bone Mass (PBM) represents the maximum bone capital throughout the lifespan
displaying a multi-factorial panel. Lifestyle elements include nutrients (as vitamin D intake),
breastfeeding, physical exercise, weight control. Genetic factors underline connexins, Wnt signal
transduction of skeletal development; adipose fat-bone crosstalk via leptin, serotonin; timing of puberty
through kisspeptin, dopamine regulation. Hormones and associated disorders refer to
endogenous/exogenous persistent hypercortisolemia, untreated hypogonadism (including anorexia
nervosa and Turner syndrome), type 1 diabetes mellitus etc. Chronic health conditions in
cancer/transplantation survivors during childhood with definitely impair the peak skeletal achievement.
Depression and specific medication are recently found as risk factors for bone loss considering
serotonin effect against bone formation, vitamin D deficiency and hypercorticism. Achieving optimal
PBM is the best way to protect against future osteoporosis and subsequent fractures. Knowing the
constellation of neuroendocrine, biological and biochemical pathways will help the current clinician to
prevent and treat any potential skeleton damage.
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